The book Golf Travel by Design is based on the same idea as this thread. It's broken into three parts: The Forefathers, Modern Masters, and the Next Generation.
A sampling from each:
Old Tom Morris: Prestwick, County Down, Muirfield, Lahinch. Dornoch, North Devon.
Fazio: Shadow Creek, Pinehurst #8, Primm Valley, Wild Dunes, World Woods, Pine Hill
Doak: Pacific Dunes, Heathland, High Pointe, Black Forest, Beechtree
Book was published in 2003.
Architects included:
Ross, Colt, MacKenzie, Thompson, RTJ Sr, Dye, Nicklaus, Ted Robinson Sr and Jr., Hills, RTJ jr, Norman, Rees Jones, Weiskopf, McBroom, Strantz.