In the US, real estate developments built courses to increase house lot sale prices and give the development an “exclusive community” feel. The courses generally had strung-out routings to maximize course frontage house lots. They also had monster clubhouses (again to add to the development image), and were usually built in such a way to look fancy, but require high cost course and clubhouse maintenance.
As the courses were never sustainable as businesses, once the last lots were sold, developers then dumped the courses, sometimes at bargain prices. The lost value was covered by the increased house lot revenue.
We are left with courses that require such high maintenance that many are still not able to run as a break-even business, even after being sold once or twice at greatly reduced values.
The current supply in many areas of the country far exceeds the demand for private club memberships, for high priced “country club for a day” courses, and in some areas even for mid-priced public golf. Discounters, like GolfNow, made a business of marketing the excess tee time inventory. Few public golfers today pay rack rates for tee times.
It will take a long time for the supply of unsustainable development courses to decline. In many cases zoning is such that the developers used the courses to meet open space requirements, and thus the courses have no redevelopment value. The sad sight of an overgrown development course sitting in the middle of a housing development is common, as are lawsuits over upkeep between homeowners associations and finance companies stuck holding the land.
Unfortunately the glut of these cookie-cutter “McGolfCourses” will prevent creation of future well-designed courses for a long time. The demand/supply imbalance and resulting discounting has seriously hurt the non-development course owners who have to compete with dropping greens fees and competitors who got it for greatly reduced capital investments.
If you do a little searching into “for sale” golf courses, you will be amazed by the number available and the low prices. Try doing a business plan to buy and run one and you will be even more shocked.
I see no solution to the sad situation, other that time. I’ll be long gone before we enter the next era of course development.