I really liked the 16th at Wolf Run. A pitching wedge for me I played this twice, first time I had a 1" putt for birdie, second time I took six. It's downhill, everyone must fancy their chance of birdie (or better!) but miss left and you're wet, right and you're chipping to a tiny, fast green with water on the other side.
I think a great short par three needs to offer birdie but threaten double bogey (even if that threat is hidden).
And I disagree with Rihc's semantics. A "short hole" is any par three, a short par three is just that.