Without much research, and I have only lived on the Peninsula for 48 years now, Lake Merced and Cal Club were rerouted for 280.
As a technicality, SFGC rerouting might be more associated with the Hwy 1 / Junipero Serra Blvd. section of the roadway - I think the fine Canadian Alex Trebek is awaiting the judges ruling.
As Andrew states, Sharon Heights and Los Altos CC are also candidates for rerouting, Los Altos' is the most obvioust to me as the current design is somewhat cramped bording the freeway. If Sharon Heights was rerouted, the current config blends in nicely.
As for Crystal Springs, I did not know it was a Herbert Fowler design, and if it was rerouted, it also was done in a farely favorable manner.
Also, let's not forget a few missing links that could be pointed to the evolution of I280, Cypress Golf Course in Colma does not border I280, however, the expansion of the cemeteries (and the continuiing phenomenom of humans dying), has caused portions of the course to be sold off and the remaining 9 holes rerouted numerous times. If 280 was never built, then the cemeteries could have expanded away from the existing golf course.
Finally, don't forget the south bay, where 280 winds through Silicon Valley
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Photos may be hard to come by ....