Adam,
I am going to say it varies, but if we could measure it across the country, the net change would be zero or positive.
There are so many poorly run "mom and pop" or municipal golf courses that professional management helps them, not hurts them. When a course is taken over by a Troon or Kemper, etc. they do get monthly management fees of $7,000-10,000 per month, which translates only to $1-2 per round. But, they also bring some national account buying power, proven cost savings techniques, etc. that at least offset the inefficiencies that existed previously.
What really happens is that when a poorly run course is taken over by such companies, they are usually charged with making a profit where losses existed before, and they start eliminating revenue killers (like season passes that equate to a few bucks a round played) personal carts or beverages on the course, etc. Those raised fees aren't because they cost more to manage, they are because they should have been charged in the first place. If you want to blame them for that increased cost, go ahead, but it had to happen.
I hope I understood your question correctly!