I hadn't seen this previously, and a lot of my picks are already listed, but here goes anyway...
1. World Woods--Pine Barrens and Rolling Oaks (Brooksville, FL), also Dunes at Seville as a third course. We did the WW double last February which is a good deal for the quality of the golf, although its more expensive if you play on consecutive days. We didn't play the Dunes and opted for Palisades in Clermont because we were coming from Orlando...wasn't bad but wouldn't be my first recommendation as the "warm-up" course.
2. Sea Pines Resort--Harbour Town and Sea Pines--Ocean. Believe it or not you can get a good deal here in the offseason. We stayed at Harbour Town overlooking the first tee for $140 a night including the golf...two night minimum. Play any other one or two courses and it works out pretty well, there's lots of choices.
3. Indianapolis--as Glenn mentioned there are many good public options that run in the $50-65 range depending on when you play...The Fort, Trophy Club, Prairie View, Heartland Crossing, Brickyard, Purgatory, etc. Lots of good clubs too if you can get on. I'd skip the Legends personally.
4. Northern Michigan (lower peninsula)--you could take at least 3-4 trips up there and play different very good (and generally reasonably priced) courses every time. I've gone twice and played Arcadia Bluffs, St. Ives, Tullymore, Crystal Downs, Kingsley Club, Pilgrim's Run, and Wuskowhan so far. All of them are worthwhile; I'll probably go back next year and mix in some new ones too...Bay Harbor, Forest Dunes, True North, Black Forest, High Pointe, Belvedere, The Mines, not to even mention Boyne or Treetops both of which have multiple courses...so you get the idea
5. Bandon--haven't been there, but it would certainly be on a ten year plan for a serious golfer if its within budget.
6. Williamsburg, VA--one on my list to get to...looks like a lot of pretty good options.
7. RTJ Trail, AL--maybe not the GCA flavor, but a lot of good golf at very good prices from general impressions I've gotten from others.
8. New Mexico--played Paa-Ko last year and hope to hit Black Mesa in October if I make it back out there. Also Sandia GC is a new one in ABQ that looks worthwhile, and UNM--South looks like a good university course. Pinon Hills if you're willing to drive a little more from ABQ.
9. Fairfield Glade, TN--quite a few decent mountain courses in a close area. Stonehenge and the Bear Trace at Cumberland Mountain are both nice courses, and there's other beautiful courses in the area as well. Lots of great scenic parks and other outdoor things to see.
10. Pebble--because I'm out of other ideas and I only had one more to go to get to 10!
Hopefully you saved up in some of the other years