Perhaps, no probably, I am confused....
I don't infer from the article a break with the rules of golf. The ball the OGA intends to use will conform to the rules. It apparently is a ball currently manufactured and on the market, but not one which (reportedly) performs exponentially better distance wise at swing speeds in excess of 115 mph.
So I disagree with my friend the distinguished poster and golf philosopher TEPaul. The issue here is really not a rules question at all, It is a question about the conditions of the competition, which are set by the committee, and must not be contrary to any rule.
The condition of competition question in this case combines the condition requiring the ball appearing on the list of approved balls, and the one ball rule. Both conditions are within the rules and are met in this case, so again, there is no problem rules-wise. I searched and searched, but I could find no rule, condition, decision, or anything that gives a player the right to play any ball he wishes.
There may be a problem with posting scores for handicap purposes (analagous to the limitation on clubs issue) but that is another discussion.
I just can't see where there is any question that the OGA's action is not contrary to the rules, conditions of the competition, or anything else for that matter.
The OGA's legendary Executive Director Nick Popa and long time president Earl Hamilton were the USGA's thorns over the issue of fixing spike marks. Nick and Earl are now both gone, and Nick's son Jim is Executive Director of the OGA and the Columbus District Golf Association. The relationship between the OGA/CDGA and the USGA has been warm; the CDGA conducts US Open Sectional Qualifying, issues USGA HAndicaps using the GHIN System, and slope rates golf courses.
My hope is that golf associations (including the USGA) watch what happens during this tournament, but don't overreact either positively or negatively. Maybe others will try as well, or maybe the USGA could conduct a series of experiments in golf associations around the country to witness the effects of such a ball limitation ( these experiments would have to be in top rate competition, such as state ams or mid-ams.) They have done the same thing with handicapping. But if we, as golfers or representatives of golf associaitons, pre judge the outcomes or push for changes without factual information, the process will be destroyed, and there needs to be process.