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Philip Spogard

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Early North American golf course architecture
« on: November 07, 2005, 09:13:37 AM »
Who has had the biggest impact on golf course architecture in America?

I would go for C.B.Macdonald and the impact made by the National Golf Links. He started a new mentality.

However he was not in my opinion the most creative architect - copying several holes. I think there has been more creative architects later on who invented more tha C.B.

Tyler Kearns

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Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #1 on: November 07, 2005, 09:24:41 AM »
Philip,

I think that Macdonald's efforts at NGLA was the spark that ignited the golden age of golf architecture. His work redefined how golf was played in North America by introducing strategic concepts and a golf course departede from the Victorian age of geometric designs.

Myopia Hunt and Garden City probably deserve some credit in regards to stratefy, but the efforts and resources that yielded NGLA revolutionized the construction side of the business and put it on top.

TK

Jeff_Mingay

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Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #2 on: November 07, 2005, 09:30:13 AM »
Philip,

C.B. definitely set a new standard for golf architecture in America at National Golf Links. I agree. Early developments at Merion (Hugh Wilson/Wm. Flynn) and Pine Valley (Crump and his cohorts, including Wilson) probably had a similar effect.

Harry Colt's work at Toronto (1912) and Hamilton (1914) set a new standard in Canada, and influenced a young caddie called Stanley Thompson.  
« Last Edit: November 07, 2005, 09:31:43 AM by Jeff_Mingay »
jeffmingay.com

Phil_the_Author

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #3 on: November 07, 2005, 01:38:04 PM »
Some might argue for Old Tom Morris.

It was during his second trip to St. Andrews in 1898 that Tillinghast came back enamored with the idea to design golf courses. It was Old Tom's influence that brought this about.

He wriote about this once and told of the first course that he laid out in Frankford on the Old Wister Farm. It was a rudimentary golf course on which he used old cans that originally were used to store peas in for his cups.

He spent a summer trying to teach hisfellow Philadelphians to learn how to play.

Tilly's passion for the game and designing courses would find fellow budding designers in the Philadelphia area & it is their influence that would spread greatness in the playing fields of the game from shore-to-shore in America.

Large fires can sometimes be traced back to the person who supplied the matches... for Tilly, it was Old Tom.

TEPaul

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #4 on: November 07, 2005, 08:29:43 PM »
"However he was not in my opinion the most creative architect - copying several holes. I think there has been more creative architects later on who invented more tha C.B."

For raw creativity and invention in early American architecture I'd go with Tillinghast, Mackenzie and George Thomas and it appears the courses they did are testimony to that. Max Behr was certainly an interesting creative philosopher in early American architecture but there isn't much evidence of his creative inspiration left. But all of them were definitely pushing the envelope in architectural creativity and invention.

One can't forget this thing from early American architecture that was referred to back then as "modern" or "scientific" architecture. Tillinghast was an enormous proponent of it and he wrote about it consistenlty. Architects such a William Flynn were real proponents of it. Basically it was trying to figure out fairly standardized methods of design to accomodate most everyone strategically.
« Last Edit: November 07, 2005, 08:30:02 PM by TEPaul »

ForkaB

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #5 on: November 08, 2005, 04:01:42 AM »
Good and welcome point, Philip.

Old Tom was also Mcdonald's primary influence.  He gets slagged on this site for no apparent reason than ignorance of what he actually accomplished. ;)

T_MacWood

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #6 on: November 08, 2005, 06:10:44 AM »
Phil and Rich
What were some of Old Tom's architectural thoughts, philosophies and practices that Tillinghast and Macdonald emulated?

Phil_the_Author

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #7 on: November 08, 2005, 11:25:30 AM »
Tom,

You asked, "What were some of Old Tom's architectural thoughts, philosophies and practices that Tillinghast... emulated?"

For Tilly, it wasn't hole designs, bunker shapes or anything of this practical nature that Tilly emulated; it was his passionate love for all aspects of the game, and this included course design.

Tilly met Old Tom in 1895 when he was just a few months past 20 years old. In 1898, at the tender age of 23, he came back intrigued by designing courses and growing the game. He was just becoming the accomplished player that he would later be as an amateur, and being supported by his father such that he worked little and played, wrote and thought about golf in ever-increasing amounts.

Tilly wrote of his close ties to Old Tom and it is likely that his father (who accompanied him  onthese trips) had become close to the Old Gent himself.

It was the relationship that he had and what it inspired in him, rather than the typical mentor/pupil relationship, that reflects Old Tom's influence on Tilly.

bstark

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Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #8 on: November 08, 2005, 11:44:43 AM »
  I wonder what changes the Shinnecocks will make to CB Mac's routing now that they are an "official" tribe. I think I see some smoke coming out of the windmill.....

Tyler Kearns

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Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #9 on: November 08, 2005, 11:50:13 AM »
Starky,

I do not think much remains of the original C.B. Macdonald design at Shinnecock. In 1931, William Flynn extensively renovated the course, which can now, almost entirely, be attributed to his efforts.

TK

ForkaB

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #10 on: November 08, 2005, 12:10:52 PM »
The 7th and 9th holes of Leven.  These holes are no longer in existence as Old Tom knew them.


Sean

The old 7th at Leven is now the 16th at Lundin Links.  It is pretty much as OTM laid it out and also very close to how CBM orgiginally designed his copy at NLGA (the 17th--it is now longer).  The old 9th is now the 18th at Lundin Links.  Not sure how and/or where CBM copied that one.

I agree with the rest of your post.

Tom MacW

OTM's "architectural thoughts, philosophies and practices" were (and are) in the ground and not on paper, so you'll just have to come over and see them rather than criticise them 2nd or 3rd hand. :)

Marty Bonnar

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Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #11 on: November 08, 2005, 01:41:28 PM »
Sean
from Lundie's website:

16:









18:








Sorry, no NGLA pics available - I've never had the pleasure... :-\

Cheers,
FBD.
The White River runs dark through the heart of the Town,
Washed the people coal-black from the hole in the ground.

TEPaul

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #12 on: November 08, 2005, 06:11:32 PM »
"Starky,
I do not think much remains of the original C.B. Macdonald design at Shinnecock. In 1931, William Flynn extensively renovated the course, which can now, almost entirely, be attributed to his efforts."

We can pretty much tell you exactly what remains of the Macdonald/Raynor course at Shinnecock in the present course. Flynn didn't just rennovate the second course at Shinnecock, he built approximately twelve entirely new holes and reused parts of others to varying degrees. Probably the hole that's most Macdonald/Raynor of the present course is #3, and next probably #7. It may be a bit hard to say exactly why Flynn reused a few of the Macdonald/Raynor holes and parts of some of them. One good reason could've been the club was trying to keep 18 holes in play at all times when Flynn was doing the present course.
« Last Edit: November 08, 2005, 06:12:33 PM by TEPaul »

T_MacWood

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #13 on: November 08, 2005, 07:13:36 PM »
Phil
What did Tilly say about Old Tom's course design activities and how they influenced him?

Rich
I'm assuming CB spoke with Morris...did he share his thoughts and philosphies with young Charles?

Macdonald wrote a book on golf and golf architecture...what within that book (or any where else for that matter) leads you to believe "Old Tom was also Mcdonald's primary influence"?

Which holes on the ground are you referring to that can be attributed to Old Tom?
« Last Edit: November 08, 2005, 07:15:19 PM by Tom MacWood »

TEPaul

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #14 on: November 08, 2005, 08:10:25 PM »
Tom MacWood:

Regarding your last post, you and I, oddly, find ourselves on completely the same page.  ;)

ForkaB

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #15 on: November 09, 2005, 03:56:44 AM »
Phil
What did Tilly say about Old Tom's course design activities and how they influenced him?

Rich
I'm assuming CB spoke with Morris...did he share his thoughts and philosphies with young Charles?

Macdonald wrote a book on golf and golf architecture...what within that book (or any where else for that matter) leads you to believe "Old Tom was also Mcdonald's primary influence"?

Which holes on the ground are you referring to that can be attributed to Old Tom?

Tom

"Primary" in the terms of the first, not necessarily the most important.  Had Mcdonald even played golf before he went to Uni at St. Andrews?  Yes, I have read his book, and it is one of the primary ones of the "it's all about me" genre.  McD wsa so proud of telling us, in boringly graphic detail, of the times he beat any of hte Morris', that he probably forget to talk about what he had learned about GCA from them.

As for "holes on (sic) the ground" how about the 18th at the Old Course? Or the 7th at old Leven?  Or the 14th at Dornoch?  Sorry, my fingers are getting tired.....

BTW, if TEP is agreeing with you, you know you must be on shkay ground.

T_MacWood

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #16 on: November 09, 2005, 07:45:49 AM »
Rich
What were Macdonald's impressions of the 18th at TOC and the 14th at Dornoch....were they holes he noted or copied?

They were golfing on the links at Leven long before Morris arrived on the scene, what proof do you have that Morris designed the old 7th? The same goes with Prestwick and the Alps

Tired fingers? I'm on shaky ground?

Phil_the_Author

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #17 on: November 09, 2005, 08:18:35 AM »
Tom,

In many ways you remind me of that tough old dog who doesn't let go of the person's leg he has grabbed onto despite how he is being hit with sticks by others.

You first asked, "What were some of Old Tom's architectural thoughts, philosophies and practices that Tillinghast... emulated?"

Despite my answer that, "For Tilly, it wasn't hole designs, bunker shapes or anything of this practical nature that Tilly emulated; it was his passionate love for all aspects of the game, and this included course design," you now ask, "What did Tilly say about Old Tom's course design activities and how they influenced him?"

So once again I answer, "For Tilly, it wasn't hole designs, bunker shapes or anything of this practical nature that Tilly emulated; it was his passionate love for all aspects of the game, and this included course design..."

I believe that both that and the following information I gave in that earlier post, gives a very clear and concise answer to the question.

Still, if you need to, bite away!  ;D

T_MacWood

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #18 on: November 09, 2005, 10:58:40 AM »
"... it was his passionate love for all aspects of the game, and this included course design."

Phil
It sounds like this is a hunch on your part, I wouldn't even call it a theory, since it has no basis in anything concrete Tilly said regarding Old Tom (the architect) or any influnece Old Tom may have had upon his design aspirations/practices.

Sean_A

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #19 on: November 09, 2005, 11:19:59 AM »
Tommy Mac

The Alps hole is an original Tom Morris, one of the few remaining in championship golf.  In fact, that is a great quiz question, name one other Old Tom hole that is still used for championship play.  

Cardinal is a combo of Charles Hunter and Old Tom.  The wonderful green is a Morris original.  Hunter pushed the tee to the other side of the Pow Burn to create the dramatic dual hazard of the the burn and the Cardinal bunker.  

The old 9th at Leven is now the 18th at Lundin.  This is pure Old Tom except the hole has been shortened by ~40 yards.  

As near as I can tell, the old 7th green at Leven is now the 16th green at Lundin.  It would appear that James Braid used the basic routing of Old Tom's, but made a new tee placement which turned this hole into a dogleg.  

There is also talk of the 15th at Muirfield being used by CB Mac at NGLA.  Not sure how this transpired since the Old Tom course wasn't built til long after CB Mac returned to The States.  I spose the same could be true of the 8th on The New Course.  

Tom, if you are asking for proof as in lost scrolls, I come up empty handed.  Until I am told otherwise, I will stick to my version.  Hopefully you can add to the discussion.

Ciao

Sean
New plays planned for 2025: Ludlow, Machrihanish Dunes, Dunaverty and Carradale

ForkaB

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #20 on: November 09, 2005, 11:41:42 AM »
Rich
What were Macdonald's impressions of the 18th at TOC and the 14th at Dornoch....were they holes he noted or copied?

They were golfing on the links at Leven long before Morris arrived on the scene, what proof do you have that Morris designed the old 7th? The same goes with Prestwick and the Alps

Tired fingers? I'm on shaky ground?

Tom

Have you been taking lessons in rhetoric from Pat Mucci? ;)

Phil_the_Author

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #21 on: November 09, 2005, 12:11:31 PM »
Tom,

After I answered the same question twice you have now responded with, "Phil It sounds like this is a hunch on your part, I wouldn't even call it a theory, since it has no basis in anything concrete Tilly said regarding Old Tom (the architect) or any influnece Old Tom may have had upon his design aspirations/practices."

You are so very wrong in your assumptions and conclusions of my answer(s).

First of all, EVERYTHING written on this topic is eaither a hunch or a theory as the people we are speaking of are long gone. we can ONLY go on what we believe in how we interpret the events and writings from that time period.

As regards your assertion that my "hunch" (your word, not mine) "has no basis in anything concrete Tilly said regarding Old Tom (the architect) or any influnece Old Tom may have had upon his design aspirations/practices," you are quite mistaken.

Among a number of things that Tilly wrote about Old Tom that goes directly to refuting your allegation (not meant in a negative way) is this gem:

“When golf first made its appearance in America in the early [18]90s, we pioneers in this country spoke almost in muted tones of reverence when the name of Old Tom Morris of St. Andrews, Scotland, was mentioned. To us he was nothing less than the patron saint of golf. As a matter of fact Old Tom was also regarded thus in the old country. Consequently, when I soon after came in contact with him, face to face in his wee shop, just off the home green in the City, Auld and Gray, I really felt that I was standing in the presence of the High Priest in the Holy of Holies. This was about 1896 and I had not been so long in the game. Here was a man, in his eighty’s, who for a generation had been held in veneration throughout golfdom.”

Tilly also wrote on another occasion how, "There hangs in the Golfers’ Club in New York City, a photograph of Old Tom Morris… It had been my great privilege to know the man quite well. He then was about seventy-seven years of age or thereabouts… I met him in 1896, and although I never saw him again after 1901, he did write me several brief notes..."

Another way to show that the two were far more than just mere acquaintances is the way he wrote about an evening he spent with Old Tom where he was able to get him to speak about his son.

He wrote how Young Tom "had won the British Open title
in his own right, years before, he regarded his chief claim to
distinction to the fact that he was the father of Young Tommy who had won the title easily, four times, before he died in his twenty-fifth year on Christmas day, 1875. He
grieved to death over the untimely passing of his young wife. ‘She was a bonnie lassie,’ Old Tom told me. I got to know the old man very well indeed in succeeding years, and I spent many happy hours with him in his little sitting room over
his shop. It was there that I handled the Champion’s Belt won by his son, as Old Tom got it out reverently and his eyes filled with tears as he told me many things about the boy…”

Tilly related how, “In my hands I held the silver embellished, red morocco champion’s belt that had been won outright by his son, Tommy, twenty-five years before that day. There were honest tears in the old man’s eyes as he related incidents of the last days of his boy, who had died in this old grey town of St. Andrews, as he slept before the dawn of Christmas Day in 1875. He was only twenty-four years of age… His girl wife died as their baby boy was born… Tommy was hard hit, desperately hurt, for he literally grieved himself into the grave in the old churchyard of St. Rule Cathedral, which so many have viewed at St. Andrews. Old Tom told me of their absence from home at the time, he and the boy playing a match at North Berwick, when the news came to the father, who concealed it from his son as they hurried back in a sailboat across the Firth of Forth. ‘It isna true; it canna be!’ was the cry of Tommy, and in his heart that cry of anguish echoed until he joined his lass on a Christmas morning.”

Now don't be stubborn on this one Tom... Even you can't maintain after my sharing these quotes (they are but a few from my Tilly bio) that what I answered you with is a "hunch." I think that at the very least it deserves to be upgraded to a theory!

That Tilly & Old Tom were close and that he had a profound influence on his thinking and life is true. We may disagree on the amount of this influence, but it wouldn't be GCA if we agreed!  ;D

T_MacWood

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #22 on: November 09, 2005, 03:08:53 PM »
Phil
This is what you are basing your hunch upon (that it was during his second trip to St. Andrews in 1898 that Tillinghast came back enamored with the idea of designing golf courses due to Old Tom's influence)?

Is there anything in these recollections that touch on golf architecture or designing golf courses?

Your hunch has just been downgraded to rank speculation.

Rich
No lessons from Pat, I try to limit my posts to one--or maybe two--simple and consise questions (without color coding) that generally get right the point.

The kind of question or questions, that when unanswered or unsupported, leave little doubt your position has no merit.

« Last Edit: November 09, 2005, 03:16:54 PM by Tom MacWood »

ForkaB

Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #23 on: November 09, 2005, 03:42:21 PM »
Phil
This is what you are basing your hunch upon (that it was during his second trip to St. Andrews in 1898 that Tillinghast came back enamored with the idea of designing golf courses due to Old Tom's influence)?

Is there anything in these recollections that touch on golf architecture or designing golf courses?

Your hunch has just been downgraded to rank speculation.

Rich
No lessons from Pat, I try to limit my posts to one--or maybe two--simple and consise questions (without color coding) that generally get right the point.

The kind of question or questions, that when unanswered or unsupported, leave little doubt your position has no merit.



Tom

You seem to be developing a sense of humo(u)r.  Keep it up!

Philip Spogard

  • Karma: +0/-0
Re:Early North American golf course architecture
« Reply #24 on: November 11, 2005, 03:24:09 AM »
Tom and Phil


I must agree with Phil.

I do not see how Tillie (or anyone for that sake) could not have learned a lot from a close friendship with Old Tom in a part of his life where he would have an extreme amount of knowledge.

I am sure that Tillie learned a lot about everything from greenkeeping to gca - and life in general. Old Tom must have been an encyclopaedia of golf knowledge. Especially on gca.

Just because every spoken word isn't written down it is not the same as they were not said.