I have recently been reading a book about Chay Burgess which is unevenly written but provides an interesting description of the mass importation of Scottish golf professionals into the United States and the rise of American golf from nonexistent to dominant in about a 20 year period. The book describes the role of the Scottish professionals as more of a mentoring role, with much of the teaching taking place on the course rather than the practice tee.
I think that this sort of mentoring relationship is critical to developing golfers. It takes forever to learn the nuances, the etiquette, not to mention the skills associated with the game. Almost every golfer I know has either had a father or an experienced player that took an interest in their game at some point after they started and provided at least an example of how the game should be played. In most cases, that relationship has been extremely rewarding for all involved.
Some ideas:
I would not develop executive or par three courses. In many ways, these facilities serve to segregate golfers. I know I almost never play such courses. You have to wait forever, the courses generally are not interesting and you always have the possibility of getting beaned by a wayward ball. With two kids and a two lawyer parents, I am sacraficing some other obligation almost every time I play. Noble thoughts aside, I doubt I will change my ways any time soon.
Instead, I think the notion of a course that is playable for beginners but interesting to the better player is the model I would use for course design. There would be more contact and more opportunity for mentoring.
Affordability would be critical. I would try and figure out how to build and maintain courses as cheaply as possible to keep prices low.
I would revise the role of the assistant professional. I would hire more of them, pay them a salary to replace lost lesson revenue and expect them to spend a lot of time playing with customers or members. I think this model would help foster mentoring and make the job more enjoyable for the assistants.
I would have a caddy program but would make the pay pretty low, with corresponding benefits of unfettered access to the course when off duty. I would prefer to limit caddies to those under 18 years old. If one wants to continue after that time, he or she should become an assistant pro.
I would design competitions or outings with the goal of fostering mentoring in mind. My 9 year old son and I sometimes play 9 holes of alternate shot. It is more fun for both of us. For me it speeds up play and requires some interesting shots. For him, we are a team and he is not struggling to keep up. If you want to practice playing under pressure, try having a five footer for a "new record" after your son just blew a one foot putt past the hole.
I would also try and get seniors and juniors paired together. When I was a kid there were steeply discounted greens fees for kids and seniors early weekday mornings. I got to meet some interesting people and see how a guy who only hits it 120 yards could kill me with a decent short game.
I would also consider any other idea to keep a bunch of older players with time on their hands to hang around the course and interact with kids or beginners. The most effective idea I can come up with (with obvious downsides) would be free drinks. I'm sure there is a better idea but I can't think of it right now.