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ian

Great architects in their final years.
« on: April 13, 2005, 10:29:26 PM »
From Some Essays on Golf Architecture (from the foreward by Hawtree)

"After the war Colt wrote Alison and Morrison expressing a wish to resign. They implored him to stay on, nominally at least, although there was little work. Alison now an OBE, went to South Africa: Morrison soldiered on alone. Then Laura died and Colt, increasingly deaf, depressed and isolated felt he had out-lived his golfing partners and his usefulness. Only one old friend was able to come down from London for the funeral in 1951, although the village turned out in force."

I was suprised that Colt's final years seem to be a sad end to a great life.

Tom MacWood's piece on Crump gives a great insight into genius, obsession and depression. The end of Crump's life is one of "assumed" depression. A suprise to say the least when you concider he was building his dream.

Stanley Thompson's final years involved very little work. His health was terrible for most of the last five years and his work is some of the least interesting, likely due to his physical limitations. Stanley died (likely of consumption) with little money, despite the fortunes he made. I need to confirm this, but I'm fairly certain Cutten was owned by a syndicate at his death, leaving him just Dormie house (which may have been the club's too).

Tillinghaust quit golf architecture.

Willie Park Jr. was so ill that Allison had to be brought into Weston (Toronto) to finish his bunkering work.

Of course, there are other examples of architects like Mackenzie who seemed to enjoy a wonderful twilight to their life.

Others like Seth Raynor seemed to have died very busy, right when the best site of his life was given to him.

Was there any master works created in an architects final years?

I was wondering what other insights people had on the final years of many of the great architects like Thomas, Flynn, etc.
I honestly don't know where I was trying to go with this, but I was curious to see what many architects choose to do in their later years.

Just worried for Brauer, he is looking really old. ;)

(I'm away till the 20th - I will respond to posts then)
« Last Edit: April 13, 2005, 10:32:56 PM by Ian Andrew »

Jeff_Brauer

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #1 on: April 13, 2005, 10:46:21 PM »
Ouch!

Hey Ian,

Is that your FBI mug on your post, upper left?  Running from the law again, I suspect you will be running longer than that.

I am going to tell them to look for you at Pebble Beach and surrounds, though! ;)
Jeff Brauer, ASGCA Director of Outreach

Neil Regan

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #2 on: April 13, 2005, 11:56:22 PM »
   I think that there is a wonderful letter written by Tillinghast to Ross, c1941, both men nearing their ends.

  Maybe that could be posted here.

Grass speed  <>  Green Speed

Tyler Kearns

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #3 on: April 14, 2005, 12:34:32 AM »
Ian,

Tillinghast also died broke. Once the golf industry dried up, he moved to Beverly Hills and opened up an antique shop. However, BETHPAGE BLACK seems to be one of his very last design efforts, certainly a great success!! The course was designed in 1936, and Tillie pasted away five years later in 1942. Granted not his final years, but certainly a good note to sign off a career.

TK
« Last Edit: April 14, 2005, 12:37:40 AM by Tyler Kearns »

T_MacWood

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #4 on: April 14, 2005, 06:11:05 AM »
I don't believe MacKenzie's twilight was all that wonderful. He did have the ANGC commission, but I believe he split his fee in half at the beginning, and even that was never fully paid. The letter Bob Huntley posted from AM to Morse and some I've read in the OSU archives present a pretty desperate man.

RTJ was going pretty good at the end...at least his machine was.

Jonathan Cummings

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #5 on: April 14, 2005, 06:24:18 AM »
On the more modern side Joe Lee designed courses until he was in his 80s.  His last course, Musket Ridge in MD, was done when he was 81.  He actually came out and played there on opening day a few years back.

JC

TEPaul

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #6 on: April 14, 2005, 06:54:30 AM »
"I honestly don't know where I was trying to go with this,"

Ian:

You're probably trying to go to the fact that so many of the best known architects of the earlier years lifes ended in some fairly unfortunate way;

Colt, you just outlined
Thompson of consumption
Tillinghast basically broke and forgotten
Mackenzie basically broke
Crump by suicide at 46
Hugh Wilson died suddenly at 45 (We have a letter he wrote saying he felt like a "boiled owl" and within the week he was dead)
Dick Wilson died early of alchoholism
George Thomas gave up architecture and apparently died unhappy
Macdonald seemingly depressed for a number of years died bascially spurned by his own creation NGLA
Flynn died at 55 of an enlarged heart.

Some or most of these architect's lifes were most likely very much affected by the depression years.

The one who seems to have lived longest in constant prosperity and glory was Robert Trent Jones but that was another era.
« Last Edit: April 14, 2005, 06:55:29 AM by TEPaul »

wsmorrison

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #7 on: April 14, 2005, 07:04:46 AM »
As Tom said above, Flynn died of an enlarged heart, his daughter said it was also known as "athlete's heart."  He continued to work until he died at age 54 (1890-1945) while working in Maryland on Indian Springs, a redesign of Ross.

After the Depression, there was little work for Flynn and others (except maybe Perry Maxwell).  Flynn built the Country Club in Pepper Pike, Ohio and Indian Creek (site of this years Flynn Invitational) in 1930.  He built Normandy Shores near Indian Creek in 1936.  In 1937 he built Plymouth CC in Plymouth, NC, Pocantico Hills in Tarrytown, NY and a redesign of Sunnehanna (Tillinghast) in Jamestown, PA.  Flynn worked at the Rockefeller estate in Tarrytown for a number of years designing some of the tree work and estate grounds.  In 1943 he redesigned and designed the US Naval Academy golf course and his last work was begun in 1944 at Indian Spring.

Flynn was a very astute business man (investments and his design/construction business) and was very well off when he died.  Like a number of his contemporary architect colleagues, he died young.  Unlike many, he died happy and wealthy.
« Last Edit: April 14, 2005, 07:05:49 AM by Wayne Morrison »

Chris_Clouser

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #8 on: April 14, 2005, 09:02:11 AM »
Perry Maxwell died in late 1952.  He worked on projects through most of 1951 and had three projects that were still in some part of construction when he finally had to be on bed rest due to cancer.  The projects at Lake Hefner and his two last projects in Dallas were completed by his son over the next year.  He literally worked every day he possibly could.  

Perry's daughter told me a story that is an excellent example of his work ethic from 1944, when after only being on the shelf for three weeks from a leg amputation he went to Eugene Grace's house and reported to work for the contract he had agreed to for work on the Old Course at Saucon Valley.  Perry, not being a big man, sat there with an old trench coat folded up on his lap until Mr. Grace came in to meet him.  He then leaped up and balanced himself on his one leg as if he had been doing that for years.  He eagerly shook the hand of Mr. Grace and after they talked for a couple of hours to go through what Perry thought we could do for the course they parted ways.  The next day Perry showed up at the course and began work, when he arrived he also was given a new coat from Mr. Grace.  

Robert Thompson

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #9 on: April 14, 2005, 01:30:56 PM »
Didn't Mackenzie tinker with Pasatiempo right up until his death? Seems to me that money was pretty tight when he died, given that his widow tried very hard to get the remaining cash out of Augusta. But, of course, Augusta was struggling at the time, trying to find members at the height of the depression.
Could Marion Hollins be added to this category, given her work at Cypress, Augusta and Pasatiempo? She had all that oil money, chased her golf dream and died very broke, even having lost control of her beloved Pasatiempo (which Ian will be seeing for the first time this week....)
Terrorizing Toronto Since 1997

Read me at Canadiangolfer.com

A_Clay_Man

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #10 on: April 14, 2005, 02:01:19 PM »
Ian,

Perhaps it's not proper for this thread, but what I hope your striving for is evidence of designers art getting better with age. Not the art aging, but the age and experiences of the artist becoming more refined, and therefore better.

In recent weeks, since returning from Casa De Campo, I've had time to sort thoughts and feelings, and while some have taken shots at me for that opinion, at  least they have the cowardess not to re-respond when queried. But, the biggest thing I took away from seeing some of Pete's early work, was that the man progressed, his art progressed. Heck, there's better Art on the valley Nine, in Kohler, than most of the holes at Casa De Campo. I'm by no means saying that TOD sucks, in any way shape or form, what I'm saying is that a designers work should eventually evolved into a better form of art. And in Pete's case, A self proclaimed farmboy, he most certainly did improve on his art.  Maybe it was Alice's fault?

T_MacWood

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #11 on: April 14, 2005, 06:41:31 PM »
Adam
The Golf Club shoots your theory. Which is better Dye Fore or Casa de Campo? Based on your theory, Dye Fore should be better.

I'm not sure why you have been so critical of Casa de Campo...it ain't perfect, but it is pretty damn good. I suspect you were expecting Pebble Beach and it didn't match your preconcieved ideas.

Dye's early work (The Golf Club, Crooked Stick, Casa de Campo) was much more subtle (although at the time they were looked upon as bold and revolutionary) than his later work. These courses are more throw backs to the courses of the teens and twenties than they were avante garde designs. I prefer these early low profile courses to much of his later work, which is sometimes very good, while other times more a caricature.

Some prefer that over the top style, based upon your appreciation of the heavy earth-moving sculpted courses of New Mexico, I suspect you prefer the more heavy handed approach.
« Last Edit: April 14, 2005, 06:43:49 PM by Tom MacWood »

Matt Kardash

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #12 on: April 14, 2005, 07:14:25 PM »
Tom,
I think adam meant that pete's work as an artwork or a piece of sculpture got better over the years...it surely did get more refined....
whether you like the designs or the style is another matter all together
the interviewer asked beck how he felt "being the bob dylan of the 90's" and beck quitely responded "i actually feel more like the bon jovi of the 60's"

T_MacWood

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #13 on: April 14, 2005, 07:46:45 PM »
Matt
I would not agree that Dye's sculpted period is more refined than his early work.

Phil_the_Author

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #14 on: April 14, 2005, 08:53:01 PM »
Tillinghast's last few years are not quite as some have presented here. For example, although he wasn't rich, he also wasn't broke. His true financial situation has been misunderstood and misportrayed for many years. For example, he bought his Harrington Park estate early in 1930, the year after the crash and one of his least productive years of work. Later that same year he built, and gave a s agift to his daughter & her family, a house directly behind his. It was equal in size and quality to his own.

When he lost his house in 1936 it was not due to lack of funds. It appears that the mortgage holder (the people he was renting the house from sold it to him and carried the mortgage) were the ones who neglected to pay the taxes on the house. This was the reason for the foreclosure. His arriving back home to discover the tax sale was fortuitous because he was able to save most of his furnishings, among them very valuable antiques. Although the property was lost to them, they had the means to store and ship all of their belongings to his other daughter & family and from there, it was shipped to California a year later. He paid for all of that.

What has been forgotten by everyone is that his father's business, the Tillinghast Rubber Goods Company, was never closed while he was alive. It remained in business and was finally shut in 1947. They received modest revenues from this their entire life and this is what carried them through the very lean times when he had no work.

He also never quit architecture or lost his passion for it or the game. It was his health that forced him to stop. A massive heart attack that almost killed him in 1939 brought an end to it. Yet even though he was unable to work at architecture or even write, his love of the game remained. Up to just a few months before his death, his daughter Marion, with whom he now lived, would regularly take him for drives past golf courses in the Toledo area. They would park alongside holes to watch the play.

During these last years he wrote to many an old friend and colleague, among them Donald Ross. There is no record of whether anyone wrote him back. A copy of his Ross letter follows. There are actually several versions of it. This is the one I have:

      Dear Donald:

      Without a doubt these lines will come as a surprise to you for I have been buried away so long that very few know what has happened to me. But for the past two years I have been able to do little other than drop an occasional letter – to those old friends, whom I highly esteem such as O.B. Keeler et al, and perusing their replies.
      It has been six or seven years since Mrs. Tillinghast and myself called on you at Pinehurst. We hope that Mrs. Ross is still at your good right hand and that she is well. Please convey to her our best wishes.
      Then four years ago we removed to California, rather anticipating the ending of our days out there – and I nearly ended mine. I am chasing hard after 67 years, you know. I think we found that our ages were not far apart. Our Sun Kissed friends exhibited two widely divergent propensities. Either a singular reluctance to part with any real money, or what was much worse, the inclination to waste it on display with little understanding of creating golf holes as you and I understand them. It was rather discouraging work but after planning for the construction and reconstruction of a half dozen courses  out there with some appreciation – I was laid low by a severe heart attack some two years since. For a time the doctors gave me but small chance but my reserve pulled me through eventually, but I received strict orders against continuing any sort of golf work. This was very tough on a man who had followed such from 1905, particularly one who loved it as much as I, but the warning was direct and unmistakable – ‘Continue and it will be curtains for you!’ So that was that.
      I was brought here last April and we have been living with the family of my eldest daughter ever since, while recovery has been slow and I am still confined to my room. As against my old normal weight of around 185 I just manage to move the scale beam at 134. However, while recovery has been discouragingly slow, absolute rest is restoring me, but that is what is in store for me from now on – quiet and rest. It’s hard enough to give it all up – that is the golf. When I will be east again is a matter of conjecture. Before the bad weather settled on us, my daughter used to drive me around the country quite a bit. Quite a few golf courses but as far as I was able to observe, only one good one, old Inverness, which is much the same as ever. And it is good to find something in the game that suggests the good old days. So much has changed to the new tempo as to be a bit startling, even to the playing of the game.
       I suppose Pinehurst is enjoying its measure of prosperity and that you see Bill Fownes now and then. Will you be so good as to remember me to him. I have known him and his family a good many years now. And Bob Harlow? I presume he is still with you and doing good work. Speaking of Bill Fownes, I saw him… last at Pinehurst when I paid my one and only visit to you. I think he had an attack similar to mine. He is taking many things mighty easy I do know. I hope he is getting along all right for one by one the old guard is moving on.
      I wonder what ever became of Nipper Campbell. I used to have a letter from him now and then and he was out here in Ohio somewhere then. He had three brothers that I knew rather well _ Jock, Matt and Andrew. I met his sister when out on the P.G.A. Tour, somewhere up in Connecticut, Hartford I think. They were a great lot and all thoroughly Scotch. Sandy Smith has gone to his reward, of course, and so many others, too…
      And your good brother Alec. He did not look like himself in the old days, when I saw him last. I think that one of the real joys of the P.G.A. tour was meeting up with so many old friends of the ‘Guttie’ ball days. I am sure that this feeling will rather explain my lines to you. May you live long and prosper!
     
      Very Sincerely

      A.W. Tillinghast
   
      When in the mood , with a bit of time on your hands, do drop me a line.
      AWT
 

wsmorrison

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #15 on: April 14, 2005, 09:58:40 PM »
"...live long and prosper!"

Phil,

Tillinghast was a Vulcan?  ;)

Neil Regan

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #16 on: April 14, 2005, 10:36:26 PM »
Phil,

  That letter is so good, I'd love to see it in it's original form. Can we post an image of it ? I'll do it if you send it to me.
Grass speed  <>  Green Speed

Neil Regan

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #17 on: April 14, 2005, 10:39:23 PM »


      I wonder what ever became of Nipper Campbell. I used to have a letter from him now and then and he was out here in Ohio somewhere then. He had three brothers that I knew rather well _ Jock, Matt and Andrew. I met his sister when out on the P.G.A. Tour, somewhere up in Connecticut, Hartford I think. They were a great lot and all thoroughly Scotch. ...
     
      Very Sincerely

      A.W. Tillinghast
   
       

  I used to talk to Nipper's son Alec on the phone a lot. My dad was his lawyer.

Grass speed  <>  Green Speed

Phil_the_Author

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #18 on: April 15, 2005, 07:00:28 AM »
Neil,

Unfortunately, the copy I have is a poorly copied fax version & wouldn't reproduce well at all. I believe that Brad Klein has a copy that could be copied and shown.  

TEPaul

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #19 on: April 16, 2005, 06:53:14 AM »
What a letter. It seems to show clearly that for the old guard by the end of the 1930s the game and architecture had changed dramatically and that they missed the old ways. Very interesting as that's so similar in many ways to some of us today.

‘Quite a few golf courses but as far as I was able to observe, only one good one, old Inverness, which is much the same as ever. And it is good to find something in the game that suggests the good old days. So much has changed to the new tempo as to be a bit startling, even to the playing of the game.’

I wonder what it was exactly Tillinghast was referring to in that last sentence----he seems to be referring to some new “tempo” in architecture not just the playing of the game? He was dead in 1942 and never saw the total change in methods and direction that was to follow WW2, and for the next 4-5 decades.

It seems like architecture and golf was completely turning its back on what he was referring to as the old days. Maybe now, or recently, is the first time golf and architecture is even remotely looking back to those ‘old days’ he was referring to.

I wonder if this means that golf and architecture will continue to cycle forward and then back somewhat in the future or if it means that it will always continue to grind inexorably forward on to other things in the future.

T_MacWood

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #20 on: April 16, 2005, 10:00:19 AM »
I'm not sure where Nipper Cambpell had disappeared to, but I've spoken to folks in Dayton who said he had quite a drinking problem...maybe thats were he got the nickname. He'd disappear for days, not show up for work, be found passed out at different locations, etc.

Nipper was a very good architect as well as a good drinker, his design at Morraine is excellent. The overall use of the rolling terrain is impressive, with couple of very bold greens perched well above large bunkers that make an impression.

ian

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #21 on: April 21, 2005, 09:57:21 PM »
This all started with me reading about the lives of all the architects and planners involved in creating the White City (Chicago's world fair in 1890). I was suprised how ill Olmstead was during this entire time, and the long distance travel was particularly hard on him (and a few of the other architects).
My interest began with the death of Crump and continuesd on with some reading of Hawtree's description of Colt form the "essay's book".

I'm not feeling morbid, just was curious to the lifestyle that these architects had later in life.

The crash and the wars took a terrible toll on what should have been productive years. The effect interests me, and I wonder sometimes what a crash or large scale recession would do to the current crop of architects.


Phillip,

Thanks for the Tillinghaust letter, I love to see facts get in the way of a "good myth" There are many falsehoods that are the product of one writer, and repeated by many other lazy writers. It happens here a lot and I'm probably guilty too.

Adam,

His visual bag of tricks may have increased, but I think the earliest courses offer more creativity than his later works.

Stuart_Bendelow

Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #22 on: April 25, 2005, 09:14:25 PM »
In Tom Bendelow's later years he wrote an article that appeared in the December 1932 edition of The Chicago Golfer and Country Club, that was entitled, "Courses are Better Now, But Perhaps Not as Much Fun as in 1900".  It offers some insight into course conditions that existed at that time.
Might someone have a copy of that article that they could send me or scan for me?

Stuart Bendelow    bendelowsr@hargray.com

Jeff_Brauer

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #23 on: April 25, 2005, 10:31:04 PM »
Ian,

I may have told this story before, but after reading the Tillie letter in Brad's Ross book, I noticed the address from his daughters house in Toledo looked familiar.....

My mom lived just down the street from that house.  The neighborhood has, ah, deteriorated, a bit but was once near the old Uptown neighborhood and quite fashionable.  How rough was it?  My mom always said the good news was it was within walking distance of Toledo's famous Art Museum.  The bad news?  No one had made it yet.......

Anyway, I drove down the street to get a picture of the house.  A rather suspicious lady, and a few suspicious sons (who looked suspiciously like potential gang members to me, but were probably lovely blokes) got up to challenge me when they saw the camera.  They probably thought I was from the landlord or mortgage company, or otherwise up to no good.

I thought about explaining why I wanted a picture of their house, but snapped and drove away.  My 82 year old mother gave me a lecture about manners, saying she would want to know about why someone was taking pictures of her house.  On the other hand, i wondered just how much she would want to know that a semi famous golf course architect had probably died in her front parlor several years ago.....

I still have the picture.  I wanted to email the Tillie society, but they have no contact address on their web page, and I am not exactly sure that is the type of memroabilia they may want.  For that matter, its historic value may be less than zero, for all I know about these things.  But, I do have a picture of the house Tillie last lived in, and where he probably died.  If he made it to a hospital to die, thats just down the street, too, and I could get a picture of that!
Jeff Brauer, ASGCA Director of Outreach

BCrosby

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Re:Great architects in their final years.
« Reply #24 on: April 26, 2005, 07:42:37 AM »
Wow. What a wrenching letter. I hope to God Ross responded.

Who was Nipper Campbell?

I am constantly struck by O.B. Keeler's wide and impressive circle of friends. He was roughly Bernard Darwin's contemporary. I think he was a better writer and had a better understanding of competitive golf at the highest levels. (OTOH, Darwin had broader interests.)

My only complaint about Keeler is that he burned so much of his enormous talent on just one man. Until this letter I would have said he didn't have much interest in architecture. But maybe I am wrong.

Bob  


« Last Edit: April 26, 2005, 07:42:59 AM by BCrosby »