Sadly, there are still many States in the Union where natural evolution from the original Edenic Scottish golf garden (a.k.a. "links") cannot be taught.
There, they rely upon an alternative, totally unscientific theory of spontaneous combustion, whereby the art of golf course design is said to have started one day in 1981 when bulldozers took over the earth, fueled as they were by the God of modernism himself.